In this post we will consider natural Radix-b numbers in positional number systems. The congruence class of any such arbitrary natural number can be determined by a finite automata, and thus, intuitively speaking, the language of all Radix-b numbers that satisfy some fixed properties modulo b is regular.
Typical implementation of the extended Euclidean algorithm on the internet will just iteratively calculate modulo until 0 is reached. However, sometimes you also need to calculate the linear combination coefficients for the greatest common divisor.
Buffer overflows are a kind of call stack vulnerability that occur when buffers are created on the stack, but accessed improperly. Buffer underruns are typically not so dangerous, because writing in the current stack frame or beyond the stack pointer will only affect local variables on that stack frame. On the other side, buffer overruns can allow the attacker to overwrite the return address and thus even modify the program’s behaviour.
